Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene Oxide ([CH
2
])
2
O)
Patient Information Sheet
This handout provides information and follow-up instructions for persons who have been exposed to
ethylene oxide.
What is ethylene oxide?
Ethylene oxide is a colorless liquid at temperatures below 51 EF and a colorless gas at room
temperature. It is used in the sterilization of hospital supplies and cosmetics; as a fumigant for such
products as spices, tobacco, furs, and bedding; and in the manufacture of antifreeze and other chemicals.
At high concentrations, ethylene oxide may have a sweet, ether-like odor. However, dangerous
exposures may occur at levels too low to smell.
What immediate health effects can result from ethylene oxide: exposure?
Most people are exposed to ethylene oxide by breathing the gas. Exposure to small amounts can cause
eye, nose, and throat irritation; and skin rash. More serious exposure can cause severe breathing
difficulty, skin burns, weakness, twitching, convulsions, and coma. Generally, the more serious the
exposure, the more severe the symptoms.
Can ethylene oxide poisoning be treated?
There is no antidote for ethylene oxide, but its effects can be treated, and most exposed persons get
well. Persons who have had serious exposures may need to be hospitalized.
Are any future health effects likely to occur?
A single, small exposure from which a person quickly recovers is not likely to cause delayed or long-
term effects. After a severe exposure, symptoms may not develop for 12 hours (see Follow-up
Instructions). Ethylene oxide is suspected of causing cancer of the blood, and birth defects may occur
in infants whose mothers were repeatedly and excessively exposed during pregnancy.
What tests can be done if a person has been exposed to ethylene oxide?
Specific tests for the presence of ethylene oxide in blood or urine generally are not useful to the doctor.
If a severe exposure has occurred, blood and urine analyses and other tests may show whether the
blood, heart, lungs, liver, or kidneys have been injured. Testing is not needed in every case.
Where can more information about ethylene oxide be found?
More information about ethylene oxide-can be obtained from your regional poison control center; your
state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental
health. If the exposure happened at work, you may wish to discuss it with your employer, the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH). Ask the person who gave you this form for help in locating these telephone
numbers.
ATSDR • Patient Information Sheet 18