591
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2015
Sleep is essential for optimal health. The American Academy
of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Sleep Research Society (SRS)
developed a consensus recommendation for the amount
of sleep needed to promote optimal health in adults, using
a modi ed RAND Appropriateness Method process. The
recommendation is summarized here. A manuscript detailing
the conference proceedings and evidence supporting the nal
recommendation statement will be published in SLEEP and
the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
Citation: Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL,
Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grandner
MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF,
Tasali E. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult:
a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of
Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. J Clin Sleep
Med 2015;11(6):591–592.
pii: jc-0X231-15
http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4758
CONSENSUS STATEMENT
• Adults should sleep 7 or more hours per night on a regular
basis to promote optimal health.
• Sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a regular basis
is associated with adverse health outcomes, including
weight gain and obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease and stroke, depression, and increased risk of
death. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night is also asso-
ciated with impaired immune function, increased pain,
impaired performance, increased errors, and greater
risk of accidents.
• Sleeping more than 9 hours per night on a regular
basis may be appropriate for young adults, individu-
als recovering from sleep debt, and individuals with
illnesses. For others, it is uncertain whether sleeping
more than 9 hours per night is associated with health
risk.
• People concerned they are sleeping too little or too
much should consult their healthcare provider.
Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: A Joint
Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep
Medicine and Sleep Research Society
Consensus Conference Panel: Nathaniel F. Watson, MD, MSc, Moderator
1
; M. Safwan Badr, MD
2
; Gregory Belenky, MD
3
;
Donald L. Bliwise, PhD
4
; Orfeu M. Buxton, PhD
5
; Daniel Buysse, MD
6
; David F. Dinges, PhD
7
; James Gangwisch, PhD
8
;
Michael A. Grandner, PhD, MSTR, CBSM
7
; Clete Kushida, MD, PhD
9
; Raman K. Malhotra, MD
10
; Jennifer L. Martin, PhD
11
;
Sanjay R. Patel, MD, MSc
12
; Stuart F. Quan, MD
12
; Esra Tasali, MD
13
Non-Participating Observers: Michael Twery, PhD
14,
*; Janet B. Croft, PhD
15,
*; Elise Maher, RPSGT
16,
*
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Staff: Jerome A. Barrett
17
; Sherene M. Thomas, PhD
17
; Jonathan L. Heald, MA
17
1
University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
2
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI;
3
Washington State University, Spokane, WA;
4
Emory University, Atlanta, GA;
5
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA;
6
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
7
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;
8
Columbia University, New York, NY;
9
Stanford University, Stanford, CA;
10
Saint
Louis University, St. Louis, MO;
11
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA;
12
Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA;
13
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL;
14
National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
15
Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA;
16
Sleep Disorders Institute, New York, NY;
17
American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien,
IL; *attendance by these individuals does not constitute endorsement of this statement by their affi liated institutions or organizations
METHODOLOGY
Healthy sleep requires adequate duration, good quality, ap-
propriate timing and regularity, and the absence of sleep dis-
turbances or disorders. Sleep duration is the most frequently
investigated sleep measure in relation to health. Furthermore,
the US Department of Health and Human Services created a
Sleep Health Objective to “increase the proportion of adults
who get suf cient sleep” in Healthy People 2020, a federal ini-
tiative to improve the nation’s health.
1
Thus our recommenda-
tion focuses on this sleep parameter. A panel of 15 experts in
sleep medicine and research used a modi ed RAND Appropri-
ateness Method
2
to develop a recommendation regarding the
sleep duration, or sleep duration range, that promotes optimal
health in adults aged 18 to 60 years.
The expert panel reviewed published scienti c evidence ad-
dressing the relationship between sleep duration and health,
using a broad set of National Library of Medicine Medi-
cal Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and no date restrictions,
which resulted in a total of 5,314 scienti c articles. The process
C O N S E N S U S S TAT E M E N T