Tableau Big Data Visualization Tool in the Higher Education Institutions for Sustainable Development Goals

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com

International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing

A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology

ISSN 2320–088X

IMPACT FACTOR: 6.199

IJCSMC, Vol. 8, Issue. 7, July 2019, pg.71 – 78

Tableau Big Data Visualization Tool in

the Higher Education Institutions for

Sustainable Development Goals

Ahmed M. Amer; Mohamed M. EL-Hadi

PhD. Candidate; Professor of Information Systems

ahmedmaeamer@gmail.com; mohamed.m.elhadi@gmail.com

Department of Computer Sciences and Information Systems

Sadat Academy for Management Sciences

Abstract— The purpose of this paper is to use of Tableau in HEIs to achieve the Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs). Tableau can use large data sets to analyse, visualize and share knowledge, such as: whole

Egypt, HEIs, governorate, university, college, program, course, faculty members, and students to determine

the demography and performance. It provides a variety of graphs, chart forms and dashboards that can assist

to have a better tool in HEIs for sustainability. An analysis based on a literature review of visualization tools

such as Tableau and sustainable development goals. This paper suggests that most 17 SDGs and ESDGs can

be analysed, visualized and shared knowledge using Tableau. Tableau tool can be used to study the extent to

which higher education institutions can be used to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development

both internal and external EHEIs geographical boundaries. This paper emphasizes the application of a

relevant practical underpinning to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords— Big Data, Visualization Tools, Tableau; HEIs, SDGs.

I. INTRODUCTION

Headings Tableau is one of the tools of knowledge management systems for the third generation of the

Internet with live connection. In higher education, Tableau is unlocking the power of data to improve learning,

fundraising, planning, and research. Hundreds of leading institutions use Tableau to analyze student enrolment,

achievement, and demographics. Educational institutions are developing better alumni relations and

streamlining educational reporting. In the classroom and in the lab, Tableau enriches the learning experience

with analytics anyone can use and understand [1].

The role of HEIs in achieving sustainable development (SD) was highlighted for the first time in the 1972

Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment [2]. Since then, HEIs and their stakeholders have

increasingly engaged in a number of global initiatives and expressed their commitment to SD in a variety of

national and international declarations and charters [3]. Recent examples include the United Nations Higher

Education Sustainability Initiative (UN HESI) and the UN Higher Education and Research for Sustainable

Development (HESD) platform. Both initiatives foster the implementation of the Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), as part of a globally agreed policy agenda for SD, in higher education [4] and [5].

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is expected both to make people more aware and better

qualified to take part in shaping future developments responsibly, and to raise their awareness of the problems

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

related to sustainable development and bring forth innovative contributions to all economic, social,

environmental and cultural issues [6].

Universities play an important role for fostering ESD ‗by addressing sustainability through their major

functions of education, research and outreach‘ [7].

At the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, all UN members agreed to the eight

international development goals called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of 2000-2015. To

continue and to complete what the MDGs did not achieve, the General Assembly of United Nations on

25 September 2015 adopted a resolution titled ―Transforming Our Word: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development‖, a plan of action for people, planet, and prosperity. They seek to balance the three dimensions

of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental [8]. The resolution called all

countries and all stakeholders of governments, private sectors, academic communities, as well as civil

societies to act in collaborative partnership to implement all of 17 SDGs. [9].

II. BIG DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS USED IN THE HEIS AND COMPARISON

The following are five big data visualization tools [12]:

A. QlikView

QlikView is a solution that focuses on the user as the receiver of data. It allows users to explore and discover

data in a workflow similar to the way developers work when processing data. To sustain flexibility in its

approach to data exploration and visualization, this software strives to maintain the association between data.

It‘s flexible. It allows setting and weak every little aspect of each object and customizes the look and feel of any

visualizations and dashboards. With such great deal of flexibility, there also comes an incorporated ETL

(Extract, Transform, and Load) Engine that enables you to conduct the ordinary data cleansing operations.

However, it may turn out to be costly. It has many unique features like patented technology and has in-memory

data processing, which executes the result very fast to the end users and stores the data in the report itself.

B. Klipfolio

Klipfolio is a BI solution that resides 100% in the cloud (no desktop application is required) providing an

insightful tool for data visualization and dashboard composition. It supports connectivity to a variety of data

sources, both online and offline. The online sources integrate a range of cloud-hosted storages including Google

Sheets, Relational DBs, and other services that provide data in all kinds of forms. It supports a great variety of

offline service types: MS Excel, CSV, XML, JSON, and others. It applies the principle of responsiveness to

facilitate the discovery of dashboards with the use of diverse technological platforms, from smartphones and

tablets, to desktop computers and smart TVs.

C. Tableau

Tableau provides facility to connect to a variety of data sources with many systematic types, such as data

systems organized in file formats (CSV, JSON, XML, MS Excel, etc.), relational and nonrelational data systems

(PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, MongoDB, etc.), cloud systems (AWS, Oracle Cloud, Google BigQuery,

Microsoft Azure). The core distinction from competitors is that Tableau has a special feature of Data Blending.

Another unique feature is the ability for collaboration in real time that makes it a valuable investment for

commercial and non-commercial organizations alike. There are several ways to share the reports in Tableau: by

publishing them to a Tableau server; via email Tableau Reader capability; by publishing Tableau workbook

openly and giving access to anyone who has a link. This magnitude of options enables great flexibility and

removes many restrictions. Tableau Public is a free software that connects any data source be it corporate Data

Warehouse, Microsoft Excel or web-based data, and creates data visualizations, maps, dashboards etc. with real-

time updates presenting on web. They can also be shared through social media or with the client.

D. Power BI

Power BI is the software solution, developed and supported by Microsoft, for business intelligence and

analytics needs. At the core of Power BI is an online service with various options for interaction, also featuring

several outlets for connection to data provided by third party software and services. In addition, it provides a

simple web-based interface with a plenitude of useful features varying from customizable visualization to

certainly limited controls of data sources. The desktop application expands the available functionality to an even

larger extent with the addition of tools for data cleansing and normalization. Also, it has connections to some

other software from the Microsoft‘s toolbelt but goes much farther than that by utilizing a whole suite of novel

business analytics tools. Thus, Power BI is not just related to other products; it is tightly integrated with the

main Microsoft tools including MS Excel, Azure Cloud Service, and SQL Server.

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

E. Google Data Studio

The youngest tool on our list is a part of Google‘s analytics solutions — Google Data Studio. Being relatively

new to the field, it strives to take its position among many competitors via ease of usage, simple yet beautiful

design, innovative problem-solving, and straightforward, habitual ways to share dashboards (just as you usually

share documents).While still being in Beta, Google Data Studio gives an interesting insight into how it can

process the data. It is a fully web-based solution, and there is no desktop version (unlike other BI solutions). The

tool had a pretty decent start, but time will show whether it will perform well in the long run.

III. TABLEAU BENEFITS

The following are some of the benefits of Tableau [13]:

A. Ease of use

According to Gartner‘s Magic Quadrant, more than 70 percent of Tableau‘s customers selected the product

based on its ease of use for the business user. Tableau basics can be understood in a few hours.

B. Advanced Analytics

Tableau‘s client references ranked it in the bottom third of all Magic Quadrant vendors for complexity of

analysis.

C. Data Preparation

Despite efforts to improve its data preparation capabilities in version 9, Tableau still has weaknesses in the

area of data integration across data sources. Tableau supports a diverse range of data connectivity options put

offers little support when it comes to integrating combinations of these sources in preparation for analysis.

D. Security

With Tableau you can establish ―row level‖ security at the data level. In order to set up row level security in

Tableau, the user must have a database user account. The increased numbers of database accounts mean

increased opportunities for hackers.

E. Cost

Tableau costs less upfront than Qlikview. Not only does Tableau have a reputation as being less expensive to

purchase, it requires less developer involvement to implement, maintain and use making its total cost of

ownership over its lifetime less than Qlikview‘s.

IV. TABLEAU PRODUCTS

Tableau has five products which together form a product platform to enable users to create Tableau files.

These five products are: Tableau desktop, Tableau online, Tableau Server, Tableau Public, and Tableau reader.

[14].

A. Tableau Desktop

Tableau Desktop is a data visualization tool designed to create data visualization, report and dashboard in a

fast and intelligent way. To be more specific, users can connect to multiple data sources, carry out multi-

dimensional data analysis, create dashboards or report, modify metadata and publish a complete workbook to

Tableau server if needed.

B. Tableau Online

Tableau Online is a hosted version of Tableau Server. It is the business analytics platform where people can

share dashboards, interact with report and gain insights. It is hosted in the cloud so that there is no hardware, no

set-up time needed.

C. Tableau Server

Tableau Server is a data governance platform and can be either browser based or mobile based. It enables

users to publish dashboards on Tableau Server so that everyone in the organization can share, collaborate and

interact with them. It facilitates the integration of data in the organization.

D. Tableau Public

Tableau is a free tool that anyone can use to connect to data, create interactive data visualizations and publish

them on the web. Since everyone has access to published data, user should be careful not to put the proprietary

data on Tableau Public.

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

E. Tableau Reader

Tableau Reader is a free desktop application that users can open and interact with data visualizations which

are created with Tableau Desktop.

V. TABLEAU ARCHITECTURE

Tableau has highly scalable and it has n-tier client-server based architecture that serves the

mobile clients, web clients, and desktop installed software [15] and [16].

Figure 1: Tableau Architecture for Sustainable Development

Tableau server is an enterprise business class platform it can set up hundreds of thousands

of users. It offers powerful mobile and web-based analytic works with companies existing

data and security protocol.

 Scales up: Is multi-threaded

 Scales out: Is multi-process enabled

 Provides integrated clustering

 Supports High Availability

 Is secure

 Runs on both physical and Virtual Machines

Figure 2: Tableau Server Architecture [15]

 Data Layer: The basic characteristic of tableau that supports your choice of data architecture. Tableau does

not require any restrictions for the database like data to be stored in any single system. Most of the

organizations have a heterogeneous environment. Tableau can work with all these simultaneously.

 Data Connectors: Tableau includes a number of optimized data connectors for databases such as Microsoft

Excel, SQL Server, Oracle, Teradata, Vertica, Cloudera Hadoop, and much more. There is also a generic

ODBC connector for any systems without a native connector. Tableau provides two modes for interacting

with data: Live connection or In-memory. Users can switch between a live and in-memory connection as

they choose.

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

 Live connection: Tableau‘s data connectors leverage your existing data by sending dynamic SQL or MDX

statements directly to the source database rather than importing all the data. It‘s the front-end analytics

client to many of the largest databases in the world. Tableau has optimized each connector to take

advantage of the unique characteristics of each data source.

 In-memory: Tableau offers a fast analytic performance due to in-memory data engine. Data engine will

extract the data and bring it in memory in the tableau. Data engine utilized your entire system to get the fast

query response one million of rows of data. Data engine can access the disk store as well as RAM and

cache memory.

 Application Server: Application server provides the authorization and authentications from the database.

 VIZ sql server: VIZ sql server converts the sql queries into visualization.

 Data Server: data server centrally manage and store tableau data sources. It also maintains Metadata from

tableau desktop such as calculations, definition, and groups.

 Backgrounder: The backgrounder refreshes scheduled extracts and manages other background tasks.

 Gateway/ Load Balancer: It is the primary Tableau Server which trails requests to other components.

Requests which come in from the client firstly strike the gateway server and then routed to the appropriate

procedures. If multiple procedures are configured for any component, the Gateway will work as a load

balancer and share the requests to the procedures. In a single server configuration, every procedure sits on

the Gateway, or primary server. When running in a distributed atmosphere, one physical machine is

designated the primary server and the others are designated as worker servers which can run any number of

other procedure. Tableau Server always uses only one machine as the primary server.

 Clients (Web Browsers and Mobile Apps): It offers interactive dashboards toward clients using zero-

footprint HTML and JavaScript (AJAX) in a web browser, or natively through a mobile app. No plug-ins or

helper applications are necessary. Tableau Server supports:

 Web browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome and Safari.

 Mobile Safari: Touch-optimized views are automatically served on mobile Safari.

 iPad app: Native iPad application that provides touch-optimized views and content browsing.

 Android app: Native Android application that provides touch-optimized views and content browsing.

 Android browser: Touch-optimized views are automatically offered in the Android browser.

 Clients (Tableau Desktop): Tableau Desktop is the rapid-fire authoring environment used to generate and

publish sights, reports and dashboards to Tableau Server. Using this, a report author can tie with multiple

data sources, explore relationships, create dashboards, modify metadata, and finally issue a completed

workbook or data source to Tableau Server.

VI. SDGS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the world's best plan to build a better

world for people and our planet by 2030. Adopted by all United Nations Member States in

2015, the SDGs are a call for action by all countries - poor, rich and middle-income - to

promote prosperity while protecting the environment. They recognize that ending poverty

must go hand-in-hand with strategies that build economic growth and address a range of

social needs including education, health, equality and job opportunities, while tackling

climate change and working to preserve our ocean and forests. The Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end

poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity [17]. It is

made up of 17 goals meant to be applied to every country, not just developing nations.

The sustainable development goals are [8]:

 Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

 Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

 Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

 Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

 Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

 Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

 Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

 Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive. employment

and decent work for all.

 Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster

innovation.

 Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries.

 Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

 Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

 Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

 Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

 Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably. manage forests,

combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

 Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for

all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

 Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable

development.

Where companies can choose just one SDG they wish to address in their operations.

Similarly, The Higher Education Sustainability Initiative (HESI) asks colleges and

universities to pick one of the SDG they wish to contribute towards [17].

Target 4.7 by 2030, ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable

development, including among others through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles,

human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and nonviolence, global citizenship, and

appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture‘s contribution to sustainable development. SDG 4.7.1, Extent to

which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality

and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (i) national education policies, (ii) curricula, (iii) teacher

education and (iv) student assessment. [18].

VII. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) IN EGYPT

In line with the 2030 Agenda, the Egyptian Government has launched a working plan

called Egypt‘s Vision 2030, also known as Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), which

encompasses the economic, social and environmental dimensions of development. SDS

promotes economic flourishing based on justice, social integrity and participation. It is under

the SDS that all development plans in Egypt are incorporated while at the same time being

strongly guided by the SDGs. Additionally, in an effort to monitor the implementation and

reporting on progress of the SDGs, the Primer Minister appointed the Ministry of Planning,

Monitoring and Administrative Reform (MoPMAR) as its Rapporteur. The ministry is

responsible for coordinating the steps towards integrating, institutionalizing and

implementing the SDGs.

Key Messages of Egypt Voluntary National Review 2018

 Egypt is committed to progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Egypt‘s

Sustainable Development Strategy, Egypt Vision 2030, is in line with SDGs. The national strategic plan‘s

three dimensions (economic, social and environmental) are based on ten pillars covering broadly the SDGs.

The plan provides programs, policies and measurable indicators in order to put Egypt on the right path

toward sustainable development.

 Egypt embarked on a very comprehensive and home grown economic reform program that is supported by

the international financial institutions staring November 2016. The Government of Egypt took very bold

and timely measures as well as overdue reforms to put the economy on the path towards a more stable

resilient economy. After a challenging year, economic fundamentals are stabilizing with reduction in fiscal

deficit, curbing in the rate of inflation, waning in external deficit and increasing in the growth rate of

output; all of these are met with increased confidence from domestic and international investors. The

Government of Egypt is committed to pursuing its agenda of economic reforms to create an enabling

environment for inclusive growth and sustainable development.

 Egypt is mindful of the vulnerable groups who are likely more adversely affected by stabilization and

reform programs. In order not to leave anyone behind, the Government of Egypt has scaled up its social

protection programs and has improved their target mechanisms. In addition, the Government of Egypt is

allocating more resources to the more deprived areas to provide better quality of public services and

infrastructure.

 Egypt is pursuing an ambitious plan to upgrade its infrastructure across all sectors and all regions within the

country. The energy sector witnessed a substantial upgrade in its capacity to produce, transport and

distribute electricity. Egypt increased its capacity to produce electricity by at least 15 Gigawatt of electricity

using very advanced, sustainable and efficient technologies. Indeed, the energy strategy aims at increasing

the share of the renewable energy to reach 42% by 2035. The government has also enacted major reforms in

the legal framework of its electricity sector opening the door for increased participation of the private sector

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

and effective regulatory role of the state. All of these efforts in the energy sector are consistent with Egypt‘s

vision to become the energy hub of the Eastern Mediterranean.

 Egyptian network of highways witnessed major extensions and improvements. The national highway

project is a much needed project to link distant parts of Egypt beyond the main cities and the Nile Valley in

order to create economic opportunities and to expand beyond the narrow valley.

 The growing population consisting mainly of youth represents both a challenge and an opportunity. It is a

challenge since the government needs to continuously scaling up the country‘s infrastructure and housing

units especially for low income groups. This explains Egypt‘s heavy investment in infrastructure projects as

well as social housing projects. On the other hand, this young sizeable population would be an asset if these

young people obtain adequate quality education and training that prepare them for the fourth industrial

revolution.

 Water scarcity within Egypt and regionally is a key challenge for the growing population; especially that

the agricultural sector consumes almost two thirds of its supply of fresh water. Ensuring sustainable water

resource management is a matter of high priority to the Government of Egypt.

 Egypt‘s Vision 2030 and the 2030 Agenda are implemented by engaging all stakeholders. The role of the

private sector and the civil society is key in the realization of these goals. The inclusivity and

transformability aspects of the 2030 Agenda and its national counterpart necessitate active contribution of

the private sector and the civil society in the achievement of all the goals. The Government of Egypt

awareness this fact and is capitalizing on the positive synergies between the governmental efforts, private

sector efforts and civil society efforts to achieve this ambitious agenda.

VIII. TABLEAU IN THE HEIS FOR THE SDGS

The Figure 4 is as shown in the Tableau in the HEIs for the SDGs

Figure 4: Tableau in the HEIs for the SDGs

An example of the charts is as shown in the Figure 5 in the Tableau. The different ratio of sectors can be

observed.

Figure 5: Number of students enrolled sectors for the year 2017/2018

Ahmed M. Amer & Mohamed M. EL-Hadi, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.7, July- 2019, pg. 71-78

IX. CONCLUSIONS

Tableau is one of the top powerful and fastest growing data visualization tool used in HEIs.

Higher education for sustainable development is not foregrounded precisely. The only SDG of higher education

is SDG 4.7: ―By 2030, ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable

development, including among others through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles,

human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship, and

appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture‘s contribution to sustainable development‖.

The task of higher education institutions is to graduate people in different sectors who are able to achieve the

goals of different sustainable development.

The dimensions of sustainable development should not be limited to the three environmental, economic and

social dimensions, but must include, in accordance with the environmental approach, other environments such

as: higher education, politics, management, cultural, security, Industrial and tourism.

Using the Tableau data visualization tool should not be limited to analytics on target 4.7 but on all sectors.

The higher education sectors should include all aspects of the environmental approach...

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