2018
Programming and Resource Guide
Written by Meagan K. Shedd, PhD
Ready to Read Michigan
Ready to Read Michigan
Ready to Read Michigan Introduction …………………………………… 4
Why Early Literacy is Important ………………………………………… 5
Resources…More Great Books to Share with Children ……………… 7
Activities for “I Got the Rhythm” …………………………………………11
Storytime Guides for Librarians for “I Got the Rhythm” ………………19
Templates and Activity Sheets ……………………………………………27
References …………………………………………………………………36
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
4
About Ready to Read Michigan
Ready to Read Michigan uses storytimes and other
library programs, displays and signage throughout
libraries, outreach activities and social media to
share information about early literacy with families
and caregivers. Ready to Read Michigan is intended
to support the development of early literacy skills
using the ve key practices of the Public Library
Association’s Every Child Ready to Read as a
foundation to future reading as well as success in
school and beyond: talking, singing, reading, writing,
and playing. Using specic play-based activities as
well as storytime learning guides for librarians, the
Ready to Read Michigan program focuses on the
role adults have in shared reading experiences with
children from birth through the preschool years in
supporting young children’s literacy skills.
Ready to Read Michigan is supported by the Library
of Michigan with federal funds from the Institute
of Museum and Library Services. The Library of
Michigan recognizes the important link between
libraries and children and families to provide quality
books, programs, and services. Additional support
is provided by Consumers Energy and the Library of
Michigan Foundation.
For more information about the Ready to Read
Michigan program and its sponsors, visit the Library
of Michigan website at http://ww.michigan.gov/
readytoread.
About the Book
The 2018 Ready to Read Michigan book is “I Got the
Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison and illustrated
by Frank Morrison.
A mother and daughter walk to the park, with joyous
music, guiding the action of their walk as everyone
from the butteries to the vendors join in. Using
onomatopoeia for eect, the rich vibrancy of the
music around us is captured in this rhyming book
that encourages children to encourage their own self-
expression and be physically active too.
Ready to Read Michigan Introduction
Ready to Read Michigan Introduction
5
Experts agree the denition of literacy is more than
simply reading and writing, but also the ability to read,
write, speak, and include ideas visually (National
Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International
Reading Association (IRA), 1996). This expanded
denition of literacy underscores even more the ways in
which adults support the earliest experiences of young
children, highlighting the need to think thoughtfully
about both the materials as well as opportunities in
using objects and engage in meaningful activities
around them to develop literacy skills.
The National Early Literacy Panel (Lonigan,
Schatschneider, & Westberg, 2008) indicates early
literacy skills are predictive of future literacy success.
This includes knowledge and skills such as the ability
to pay attention to sounds in language, known as
phonological awareness, the ability to identify letters
of the alphabet, and understanding or knowledge of
concepts of print. More importantly, this knowledge
about early literacy and the corresponding skills can
be developed due to the experiences and materials
provided by adults to support literacy for a lifetime
(Bracken & Fischel, 2008; Britto & Brooks-Gunn,
2001; Britto, Brooks-Gunn, & Grin, 2006; Payne,
Whitehurst, & Angell, 1994; Senechal & LaFevre,
2002; Zill & Resnick, 2006).
The Library of Michigan supports the use of shared
reading experiences or read alouds with children.
Libraries are a natural place for supporting the
importance of reading with young children and
modeling shared reading experiences for families,
whether in small groups with story times or as
librarians help families to choose books. Sharing with
families that reading early and often helps children
to develop early literacy skills and what those skills
are by modeling them is important to help children
develop the literacy skills they will need as they enter
elementary school (Garton & Pratt, 2009). Equally
important, helping families to understand why reading
with children early, often, and helping to select a
variety of books is key in developing early literacy
skills (Bus, Van IJzendoorn, & Pellegrini, 1995; Garton
& Pratt, 2009). Research is clear that not only are
the ways in which adults read with young children
important (Dickinson & Smith, 1994; Whitehurst &
Lonigan, 1998), shared reading experiences such
as the ones that take place during story time in the
library can help children develop a lifelong love of
reading. By reading a variety of types of books or
genres during story time (Beck & McKeown, 2007;
Duke, 2000) such as storybooks, informational text,
poetry, and other books that encourage readers to
interact with the text, such as activity books, children
are exposed to dierent types of text and can learn
new vocabulary words and engage in dierent
strategies to think about the text to improve their
way of thinking about the text, or comprehension
strategies (Dickinson & Smith, 1994). Reading
together can also support children’s development of
language skills (Beck & McKeown, 2001) and overall
literacy skills (Aram, 2006).
The ways in which adults read with young children
are important, with immediate and long-term eects
for literacy skill development (Dickinson & Smith,
1994; Whitehurst & Lonigan, 1998).
Why Early Literacy is Important
Why Early Literacy is Important
6
ReadAloud.org suggests using the Public Library
Association’s ve key practices as part of the shared
reading experience with children, which include
talk, sing, read, write, and play. Reading aloud with
children and including them in the text is important.
Knowing it should be an experience adults share
with children, librarians can engage in each of the
ve key area each time they read to encourage the
development of early literacy skills, which will also
model for families the skills they can try at home:
Talk about the books as you read
together. Stop occasionally to point out
the illustrations or ask questions about the
text. Ask questions as you read together,
asking children to expand on things in the
text about which they might already know
and to learn more about things they want
to know more. Listen to their responses
and ask open-ended questions to hear
more. Refer back to the book later in the
day or refer children to something that
reminds you (or them) of something in the
books to help make connections beyond
the text.
Sing with children as you read together.
Use the rhymes in text to connect words
with song, integrate different voices,
volumes, or stued animals or puppets
for variety to help children pay attention
to the sounds in words. Share word
games and nger plays you learned as
a child and invite children and families
to share ideas for songs they know to
share with others as well.
Read books with young children as well
as other kinds of print. Show them
dierent types of books, including picture
books, information books, and interactive
books to generate interest in different
kinds of books and how to read dierent
types of text as well. Ask questions as you
read each type of text to help children
(and families) learn it is important to talk
about the text to make meaning from it,
but also that dierent types of text have
dierent purposes. Have dierent types of
text available too, such as newspapers,
magazines, and signs and use this text
to explain how we use text every day.
Write with children, asking them to help
you come up with the words for your text.
Write in front of them and ask them to
write with you, whether it is next to you or
helping one another. Children can share
ideas during read alouds by writing them
on post-it notes or in journals to share for
later, or creating lists of things that feel
important to them or “connections” during
the reading. Encourage families to share
writing with children too, having children
write stories, help create grocery lists,
draw maps, or write out recipes as the
family is cooking.
Play helps children to make sense of what
they are reading. During read alouds,
children can use puppets or objects to
retell a story or think more deeply about
informational text. Acting out new vocabulary
words through play helps children to use
words they already know and put new words
into action. Play is a critical part of literacy
learning, helping children understand text in
meaningful ways.
7
Books about physical activity
Infants
Oh! by Kevin Henkes and illustrated by Laura Dronzek (1999, Greenwillow Books)
Shake my Sillies Out by Ra and illustrated by David Allender (1988, Dragony Books)
Honey, Honey, Lion! by Jan Brett (2014, Pun Books)
Baby Dance by Ann Taylor and illustrated by Marjorie van Heerden (1998, Harper Growing Tree)
Toddlers
From Head to Toe by Eric Carle (2000, Harper Collins)
The Busy Body Book: A Kid’s Guide to Fitness by Lizzy Rockwell (2008, Dragony Books)
Get Up and Go! by Nancy Carlson (2008, Pun Books)
Dancing in My Bones by Sylvia Andrews and illustrated by Ellen Mueller (2001, Harper Growing Tree)
Wiggle by Doreen Cronin and illustrated by Scott Menchin (2005, Blue Ribbon Picture Books)
Preschoolers
The Little Old Lady Who Was Not Afraid of Anything by Linda Williams and illustrated by
Megan Lloyd (2002, HarperCollins)
Silly Sally by Audrey Wood (1999, HMH Publishers)
Follow the Leader by Erica Silverman and illustrated by G. Brian Karas (2000, Farrar Straus Giroux)
I’m as Quick as a Cricket by Don Wood (1998, Child’s Play Library)
Jumping Day by Barbara uster Esbensen and illustrated by Maryann Cocca-Eer
(2000, Boyds Mill Press)
Resources...
More Great Books to Share with Children
Resources...
More Great Books to Share with Children
8
Books about self-esteem/independence
Infants
Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes by Mem Fox and iIlustrated by Helen Oxenbury
(2010, HMH Books for Young Readers)
I Love You More by Laura Duksta and illustrated by Karen Keesler (2009, Sourcebooks Jabberwocky)
I Can by Helen Oxenbury, (1995 Candlewick)
Hands Can by Cheryl Willis Hudson and Illustrated by John-Francis Bourke (2007, Candlewick)
I Can, Can You? by Marjorie W. Pitzer (2004, Woodbine House)
Toddlers
The Skin You Live In by Michael Tyler an Illustrated by David Lee Csicsko
(2005, Chicago Children’s Museum)
Whoever You Are by Mem Fox (2006, Reading Rainbow Books)
Frederick by Leo Lionni (1967, Pantheon)
Elmer by David McKee (1989, HarperCollins)
Naked Mole Rat Gets Dressed by Mo Willems (2009, Disney-Hyperion)
Preschoolers
I Like Myself by Karen Beamont Illustrated by David Catrow
(2004 by HMH Books for Young Readers)
What I Like About ME! by Allia Zobel Nolan Illustrated by Miki Sakamoto
(2009, SFI Readerlink Distributors)
My Mouth is a Volcano! by Julia Cook, Illustrated by Carrie Hartman
(2006, National Center for Youth Issues)
Be Who You Are by Todd Parr (2016, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers)
The Color of Us by Karen Katz (2002, Square Fish)
9
Books to support phonological awareness
Infants
Is Your Mama a Llama by Deborah Guarino and Illustrated by Steven Kellogg (1997, Scholastic)
Time for Bed by Mem Fox and illustrated by Jane Dyer (1997, Red Wagon Books)
Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Clement Hurd (2007, HarperFestival)
Baby Bear Baby Bear, What Do you See? by Bill Martin Jr. and Eric Carle (2009, Henry Holt and Co.)
Each Peach Pear Plum by Janet and Allan Ahlberg (1999, Viking Kestrel Picture Books)
Tumble Bumble by Felicia Bond (1999, HarperFestival)
Toddlers
Chicka Chicka Boom Boom by Bill Martin, Jr. and John Archambault and illustrated by Lois Ehlert
(2012, Little Simon)
Sheep in a Jeep by Nancy E. Shaw and illustrated by Margot Apple
(2016, HMH Books for Young Readers)
In the Tall, Tall Grass by Denise Fleming (1995, Harcourt School Publishers)
Jamberry by Bruce Degen (1995, HarperFestival)
We’re Going On A Bear Hunt by Michael Rosen and Helen Oxenbury (1997, Little Simon)
Preschoolers
Jesse Bear, What Will You Wear by Nancy White Carlstrom and Illustrated by Bruce Degen
(1996, Aladdin)
Miss Mary Mack by Mary Ann Hoberman and illustrated by Nadine Bernard Westcott
(2003, Sing-Along Stories)
Bear Snores On by Karma Wilson and illustrated by Jane Chapman (2005, Little Simon)
The Snail and the Whale by Julia Donaldson and illustrated by Axel Scheer (2006, Pun Books)
10
Books about music
Infants
What Makes Music? by Betty Ann Schwartz and illustrated by Dona Turner (2001, Piggy Toes Press)
Music Is by Brandon Stosuy (2016, Little Simon)
Baby Loves to Rock by Wednesday Kirwin (2013, Little Simon)
Jazz Baby by Lisa Wheeler and illustrated by R. Gregory Christie (2007, HMH Books for Young Readers)
Toddlers
Max Found Two Sticks by Brian Pinkney (1994, Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers)
Stomp, Dinosaur, Stomp! by Margaret Mayo and illustrated by Alex Aylie (2010, Walker)
Zin! Zin! Zin! A Violin! by Lloyd Moss and illustrated by Marjorie Priceman (2000, Aladdin Picture Books)
The Philharmonic Gets Dressed by Karla Kuskin and illustrated by Marc Simont (1986, HarperCollins)
Preschoolers
I See a Song by Eric Carle (Scholastic Trade, 1996)
M is for Melody: A Music Alphabet by Kathie Jo Wargin and illustrated by Katherine Larson
(2006, Sleeping Bear Press)
Never Play Music Right Next to the Zoo by John Lithgow and illustrated by Leeza Hernandez
(2013, Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers)
Tambourine Moon by Joy Jones and illustrated by Terry Widener
(1999, Simon & Schuster Children’s Publishing)
Little Melba and Her Big Trombone by Katherine Russell-Brown and illustrated by Frank Morrison
(2014, Lee and Low Books)
11
Talking
Encourage infants to listen to the rhythm in your
voice and discover their own by talking to them at
every opportunity. Look in their eyes when you talk
with them and listen for their responses. Rhyme
words with their names, stretch out words when
you talk (such as M-o-o-o-m-m-m), and even sing the
words as you hold conversations with them.
Talk with infants about the dierent things they can
do as they are doing them. Talk about how they can
move their legs, wave their hands, blow bubbles, or
smile. If they coo or make noises, expand on their
“talk”, waiting for additional responses.
Place bubble wrap securely on the oor and talk about
the sound it makes as infants crawl, scoot, or walk
on it. You can use words from the book “I Got the
Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison, such as “pop”,
“snap” or even “kaboom”, encouraging infants to move
around on the bubble wrap. Talk with them about their
movements, as well as the sounds you both hear.
Singing
Classic nursery rhymes help young children pay
attention to the sounds in language, such as when the
ending sounds of words sound the same:
One, two, buckle my shoe
Three, four, knock at the door
Five, six, pick up sticks
Seven, eight, lay them straight
Nine, ten, a big fat hen
Eleven, twelve, dig and delve
Thirteen, fourteen, maids a-courting,
Fifteen, sixteen, maids in the kitchen
Seventeen, eighteen, maids a-waiting,
Nineteen, twenty, my plate’s empty.
Encourage infants to move their bodies (or gently
support their movement) with this favorite children’s song:
Open, shut them, open, shut them,
Give a little clap, clap, clap.
Open, shut them, open, shut them,
Put them in your lap, lap, lap.
Creep them, creep them,
Creep them, creep them,
Right up to your chin, chin, chin.
Open up your little mouth,
But do not put them in.
Infants will love this favorite children’s rhyme that also
encourages movement, with younger infants enjoying
the movements you support and older infants taking
part in the fun:
This little piggy went to market,
This little piggy stayed home,
This little piggy had roast beef,
This little piggy had none.
This little piggy went ...
Wee, wee, wee,
all the way home!
Activities for “I Got the Rhythm"
Activities for “I Got the Rhythm"
Activities: Infant
12
Reading
Choose one page from the book with bright
illustrations and share it with infants. Read the text on
the page again, gently tapping the beat or syllables
to the words on your lap. You can also focus on the
“action words” gently tapping only these, such as
“clap clap” and helping infants to clap their hands
together or encouraging them to clap independently
as you read this part of the text and look at the
illustration together.
Read the book again, but this time focusing only on
one page and honing in on the illustration of one page.
Choose something that stands out to you and talk
about what the character or characters in the picture
are doing and why you think it is important. Talk with
babies about why you think it is amazing and wait for
their responses. One example is the page where the
person is playing the drum standing up!
Help infants as they “move” through the text as
you read together, whether it is stomping, knocking
knees together, tapping toes, or dancing. Gently help
them clap their hands together or blink your eyes at
them, encouraging their responses.
Writing
Invite families to share a photo of their infant and write
about the things their infant can do right now that makes
him or her special (see template page 30). If infants
can hold writing instruments, encourage infants to
participate by holding a large crayon or contributing
with nger paints to make marks on the page.
Using large sheets of construction paper or newsprint,
place infant-safe writing instruments slightly out of
reach and encourage infants to crawl, scoot, or walk
to get to them. Then, encourage them to make marks
on the paper, helping them if necessary.
Playing
Infants love “hide and seek” and will enjoy this
rhyming song with a scarf that you can modify to
be a version of hide and seek as well:
Popcorn kernels popcorn kernels
In the pot in the pot
Shake them shake them shake them
Til they pop, til they pop
(see https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
472174342155550983/ for motions with the scarf)
Have a variety of infant-safe musical instruments
(rattles, shakers, drums, etc.) or everyday objects
that can be used as instruments (a bowl turned
upside down as a drum, a clean, empty soda bottle
tightly sealed with rice as a shaker) and encourage
infants to create their own “band”. Talk with infants
about the ways they can make music by shaking the
rattle or shaker, beating on the drum, or even singing
or making noise with their voice.
Encourage tummy time for infants, for as long as
they are interested. Include board books or soft
books they can reach (or just out of reach) to
encourage movement (see list of suggested books
in this resource guide), as well as infant-safe toys to
enable exploration.
13
Talking
Talk with toddlers about the things they can do by
themselves, using the pages of the book to guide the
discussion. Ask toddlers to demonstrate how they can
clap their hands, stomp their feet, tap their toes, or
knock their knees. Encourage families to talk with their
toddlers about the things their children are learning
how to do and what makes them special, too.
After reading “I Got the Rhythm”, ask toddlers to
share their favorite part of the book using words and
movement. Use words they already know to help
them learn new words, such as “jump with both feet
and make a loud noise” to describe “stomp.”
Singing
To help toddlers think about the sounds in words,
sing this classic nger play and teach children the
motions too:
The itsy-bitsy spider
Climbed up the water spout
Down came the rain
And washed the spider out
Out came the sun
And dried up all the rain
And the itsy-bitsy spider
Climbed up the spout again
Most toddlers enjoy doing things by themselves.
To encourage independence and a sense of self-
esteem, try singing this happy children’s classic:
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands. (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet. (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
Activities: Toddler
14
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three. (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
Encourage toddlers to move their bodies as they
pretend to climb the apple tree, reach as high as
they can, and shake delicious apples in support
of being independent:
Way up high in the apple tree,
Four little apples hung over me.
I shook the tree as hard as I could.
Down came the apples and mmmmm!
Were they good!
Way up high in the apple tree,
Three little apples hung over me.
I shook the tree as hard as I could.
Down came the apples and mmmmm!
Were they good!
Way up high in the apple tree,
Two little apples hung over me.
I shook the tree as hard as I could.
Down came the apples and mmmmm!
Were they good!
Way up high in the apple tree,
One little apple hung over me.
I shook the tree as hard as I could.
Down came the apple and mmmmm!
Was it good!
Reading
Help toddlers pay attention to the sounds in words
by pausing or calling attention to rhyming words as
you read the book. As you read words like “toes”,
identify other words that rhyme, such as nose (and
point to your nose), rose, glows, and others that you
can think of that can help toddlers think about the
way parts of words sound.
Help toddlers to think about patterns by sharing
turns leading one another in a “lead the beat”
game. Start by gently patting your hands on your
knees and then clapping your hands, alternating
in a distinct pattern (two pats on knee, two claps
of hands together). Repeat the pattern slowly with
toddlers, assisting as needed until they are able to
repeat the pattern independently.
Just like in the book, invite toddlers to dance to the
rhythm. Put on your favorite toddler dance songs
or sing together and shake your hips as you dance
together. Like the characters in “I Got the Rhythm”
by Connie Schoeld-Morrison, form a line and take
turns leading one another in the same moves or
encourage everyone to dance however they would
like. Encourage toddlers to give one another enough
space and watch them dance away!
15
Writing
Using large chart paper, ask toddlers to continue
the story “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-
Morrison by sharing one thing they can do (for
toddlers who prefer to show rather than verbalize,
acting out what they can do is a great way to
contribute). As each toddler shares, pat your hands
to the number of beats or syllables you hear in the
words, asking children to do the same by repeating
after you. Be sure to write each of their responses
too (you can stretch out the sounds of the words to
help them hear each sound).
Talk with toddlers about someone special in their life,
such as a parent, sibling, grandparent, or special
friend. Using the template (page 31), have them
draw a picture of that special someone as you talk
about what makes that person special or the things
that person does with them. Write the name of that
person next to the child’s drawing and ask toddlers
to sign their own names to their artwork.
Create writing stations around the space with
dierent materials at each one. Try having crayons
and paper at one, newsprint and washable markers
at another, envelopes, cards, and toddler-friendly
pens at a third, doodle boards at another, and so-
on. Making sure there is enough adult supervision,
play music and in this take on “musical chairs”
encourage toddlers to write until the music stops.
Be sure to allow enough time for toddlers to
experiment at each station, but then encourage
them to move in a certain way, such as dancing,
to the next station.
Playing
Play with sounds. Choose one of the action words in
the book and see how many rhyming words you can
come up with while toddlers bounce a balloon in the
air or gently roll a ball to one another. See if you can
think of as many words as they can keep the balloon
aoat. The characters in the book engaged in each
of the following actions: think, beat, blink, sni, clap,
snap, shake, knock, stomp, tap, and bop (and a few
extras if you want to go back to the book).
Using empty tissue boxes, oatmeal containers,
coee cans or other materials families can bring from
home (you might need to collect these ahead of time
or ask parents to bring them), toddlers can decorate
their own drums to beat. Have construction paper
or newsprint available to wrap or cover recycled
materials (if desired), child-safe crayons, markers,
or other materials to decorate (note that any craft
products should indicate it conforms to ASTM
D4236 to be used with young children).
Have a toddler parade! After reading the book,
encourage toddlers to march in their own rhythm
parade, asking each one to take a turn deciding
what action the group will do next. Use the template
(page 32) of cards to have toddlers “pull a card” to
help deciding and so everyone has a chance to have
a turn or in case children need help in remembering
ideas from the story.
16
Talking
Ask each preschooler to share their name. Repeat
their name to be sure you are pronouncing it
correctly and then see if you can nd a word that
rhymes with it, asking the preschoolers if the two
words rhyme. Next, see if any of the preschoolers in
the group can come up with another word that also
rhymes, whether it is a real word or a made-up one.
Talk with preschooler about what makes them stand
out or unique. You may nd it helpful to talk about
what being “unique” is and why each of is able to do
dierent things and that is okay. Some preschoolers
may be able to do a certain task or activity while
others may not have tried it yet. Encourage each of
them with more than “good job” by commenting on
the specic things that make them stand out.
In the book, the main character and other characters
engaged in dierent types of activities. Talk with
children about the dierent things they can do, but
this time create a graph or chart of the activities
(see template). Encourage children to keep track of
their various activities at home for a week using the
“Things I Can Do” sheet (page 33).
Singing
To help preschoolers think about the sounds in
words, sing this favorite song that helps children to
think about the sounds in words, using their names:
Tomas!
Tomas, Tomas, bo-bomas
Bo-na-na-fan-na-fo-fomas
Fee--mo-momas
Tomas!
Molly!
Molly, Molly, bo-bolly
Bo-na-na-fan-na-fo-folly
Fee--mo-molly
Molly!
Preschoolers are increasingly independent.
To encourage their sense of independence as
well as sense of self, sing this children’s classic:
Where is Thumbkin?
Where is Thumbkin?
Here I am!
Here I am!
How are you today, sir?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away.
Run away.
Where is Pointer?
Where is Pointer?
Here I am!
Here I am!
How are you today, sir?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away.
Run away.
Activities: Preschooler
17
Encourage preschoolers to move their bodies
to this song that helps them learn colors, rhymes,
and encourages independence too:
If you are wearing red, shake your head
If you are wearing red, shake your head
If you are wearing red, then please
shake your head
If you are wearing red, shake your head
If you are wearing blue, touch your shoe
If you are wearing blue, touch your shoe
If you are wearing blue, then please
touch your shoe
If you are wearing blue, touch your shoe
If you are wearing yellow, shake like JellO
If you are wearing yellow, shake like JellO
If you are wearing yellow, then please
shake like JellO
If you are wearing yellow, shake like JellO
If you are wearing pink, give me a wink
If you are wearing pink, give me a wink
If you are wearing pink, then please
give me a wink
If you are wearing pink, give me a wink
If you are wearing black, pat your back
If you are wearing black, pat your back
If you are wearing black, then please
pat your back
If you are wearing black, pat your back
If you are wearing brown, turn around
If you are wearing brown, turn around
If you are wearing brown, then please
turn around
If you are wearing brown, turn around
Reading
Ask preschoolers to think of an action word that
has the same sound as the beginning sound of their
name. It’s important to remember that sounds might
not be the same as letters, so Carly might identify
“kaboom”. [You might nd it helpful to brainstorm a
list of action words ahead of time in case children
need help, such as bounce, cartwheel, dance,
elevate, fan, and so on...]
Have children talk about a time they were able to do
something that made them proud. Just like the character
sang with her mouth or tapped with her toes, ask children
to share with a partner or with the group something they
were able to do that makes them special.
After reading, go back through the pages of the
book, talking about the words that describe the
actions, such as “blink” or “stomp”. Have children
think of other action words and within the space
available, carefully act out those words.
18
Writing
Using newsprint, create a “wall” (carefully and
securely cover the wall with the newsprint) for
preschoolers to write on, encouraging them to think
of an action word with one beat or syllable in it and
write or draw the word on the “action wall” to share
with others. [It is important to remind preschoolers
that this wall can be written on because the paper
is there and they were invited to do so.]
Using the template (page 34), encourage preschoolers
to draw and/or write about their favorite activity.
Talk with them about what they do best and how they
do it. Some preschoolers might want assistance to
write, telling an adult the words they want written and
drawing a picture to go along with their spoken words
written for them by an adult. Other preschoolers
may decide to write and illustrate on their own.
Encourage preschoolers to make letters of the
alphabet with their bodies, saying the letters as
they make them. Use the letters of their names to
help them associate the letters that carry the most
meaning for them right now, showing them what the
letters might look like with their bodies (see https://
www.pinterest.com/pin/341640321707785783/
if you need suggestions for what this might look like).
Playing
Using the template (page 35) to play memory,
encourage children to engage in the sounds they
remember from the book as they match pairs. See
if children can identify words that rhyme with the
images on the cards, such as “pie” and “eye”, too.
In the book, the main character thinks about a
rhythm in her mind. Have a dramatic play area or
space for children that looks like the space in the
book by re-creating a city scape. Ask preschoolers
to share what they think would be in this space or
create the space and encourage them to explore
it as part of a dramatic play area. Think about
including a fence, walk way, ice cream or shaved
ice vendor (complete with cart, bowls and scoops,
play money, sign, and writing instruments to allow
children to change prices or menu items), trash
cans, benches, and other items that would be
appropriate. Be sure to include other books about
cities or living in the city, as well as newspapers,
magazines, signs, and other types of print.
Play this variation of “Simon says” with preschoolers to
encourage young children to have fun while listening
to directions. You can use the template for follow the
leader or make up direction in the tradition of “Simon
says” as you call out directions for children to “blink
their eyes” or “stomp their feet”, interjecting when
Simon says or simply to do one activity or the other.
19
For story sessions with infants 12 months and
younger, encourage caregivers to hold babies in
their laps and interact with their infants as much as
possible. Sessions with infants should be short, with
care to model early literacy practices caregivers can
continue at home. As you go about the storytime,
you may nd it helpful to point out what you are
doing and why it is important, such as reminding
family members that singing helps infants to hear
the sounds in words or that reading together can
develop a lifelong love of books. As you read, be
sure to make eye contact with each of the infants,
encouraging caregivers to do the same.
Greeting
Gather infants and caregivers to the storytime area as
you sing a greeting song (it may be helpful to announce
storytime is beginning prior to starting to sing):
(Sung to the tune of “Goodnight Ladies”)
Hello friends, Hello friends
Hello friends
It’s time to say hello
Opening
Before reading “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie
Schoeld-Morrison, share with caregivers that during
the reading of the book you’ll be focusing on the words
that make sounds and encourage them to help infants
gently move their bodies to the words and the sounds
they make. For example, when the character in the
book blinks her eyes, suggest caregivers make eye
contact with their infants and blink, watching for and
encouraging the reaction of their babies. When she
claps her hands, ask caregivers to gently clap their
hands or help their babies clap their hands together
(babies might be sitting in the laps of caregivers or
roaming carpeted oors around them).
Book reading
Read the book, pausing with each of the “action
words” to allow caregivers time to interact with
infants. Be sure to comment on the reactions of
infants, asking caregivers to oer responses as well.
As you read, pay attention to the ways in which
caregivers are sharing with their infants, encouraging
the shared experiences and repeating of words as
they engage in actions, such as repeating the word
“clap” as they gently clap babies hands together. It
may be helpful to encourage caregivers to repeat the
words as they engage in the actions or to let them
know using words babies know to teach new words
helps children learn new vocabulary words.
After reading
After reading the book, go through the list of action
words with caregivers, repeating all of the actions or
vocabulary words their infants just did as you read
together. The list includes: think, beat, blink, sni, clap,
snap, shake, knock, stomp, tap, and bop (note there
are others you might include from the nal two pages).
Storytime Guides: Infant
Storytime Guides for Librarians
for “I Got the Rhythm"
Storytime Guides for Librarians
for “I Got the Rhythm"
20
Fingerplay/Rhyme
Share with caregivers that just like in the book,
spending time with babies learning action words
can help them learn words through motion.
One way they are already doing this is through
ngerplays or rhymes, such as “Open, Shut Them”:
Open shut them
Open shut them
Give a little clap, clap, clap
Open shut them
Open shut them
Lay them on your lap, lap, lap
Creep them creep them
Creep them creep them
Right up to your chin, chin, chin
Open wide your little mouth
But do not let them in
Shake them shake them
Shake them shake them
Shake them
Just like this, this, this
Roll them roll them
Roll them roll them Roll
And blow a little kiss
Activity
Have a variety of infant-safe musical instruments
(rattles, shakers, drums, etc.) or everyday objects
that can be used as instruments (a bowl turned
upside down as a drum, a clean, empty soda bottle
tightly sealed with rice as a shaker) and encourage
infants to create their own “band”. Talk with infants
about the ways they can make music by shaking the
rattle or shaker, beating on the drum, or even singing
or making noise with their voice.
Closing
Wrap up the storytime session by thanking families
and caregivers for taking time to share reading with
infants. Point out where the book “I Got the Rhythm”
by Connie Schoeld-Morrison will be available for
them to read again will be available, as well as other
books they might like to borrow from the library to
read with infants. The printable book read-a-likes
from the Ready to Read Michigan program guide
(page 7) is a great place to nd suggestions for books
for families! To close the session, sing the following,
being sure to acknowledge each of the participants:
(Sung to the tune of “Goodnight Ladies”)
Goodbye friends, Goodbye friends
Goodbye friends
It’s time to say goodbye.
Tip for Libraries: Oer a basket
of clean board books for babies to
touch, hold, and, yes, even chew,
throughout the storytime.
21
For story sessions with toddlers (children 13
months to 35 months), encourage caregivers to
hold toddlers in their laps and/or interact with
their children as much as possible. Sessions
with toddlers should be brief with multiple, short
“sections” and care to model early literacy practices
caregivers can continue at home. As you go about
the storytime, you may nd it helpful to point out
what you are doing and why it is important, such
as reminding family members that singing helps
toddlers to hear the sounds in words, pointing to
text will help them learn that it is the print that we
are reading, or that reading together can develop a
lifelong love of books. As you read, be sure to make
eye contact with each of the toddlers, encouraging
caregivers to do the same.
Greeting
Gather toddlers and caregivers to the storytime area as
you sing a greeting song (it may be helpful to announce
storytime is beginning prior to starting to sing):
The More We Get Together
(see https://youtu.be/VYJS_xckWY0 from the
Skokie Public Library to learn and share sign
language for this song too!)
The more we get together
Together, together
The more we get together
The happier we’ll be
‘Cause your friends are my friends
And my friends are your friends
The more we get together
The happier we’ll be
Oh, the more we get together
Together, together
The more we get together
The happier we’ll be
Opening
Before reading “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie
Schoeld-Morrison, share with caregivers that during
the reading of the book you’ll be focusing on the beats
or “syllables” in each of the action words as you read
them to help toddlers pay attention to the sounds in
the words. Encourage caregivers to gently pat the
“beats” or syllables in the words (you can demonstrate
each word) with you and do the same with their
toddlers. Active toddlers might enjoy stomping
with their feet as well as clapping their hands.
Book reading
Read the book, demonstrating the number of
“beats” or syllables in each of the “action words” by
tapping them on your lap or clapping your hands.
Be sure to allow caregivers time to interact with
toddlers to do the same, and encouraging active
toddlers time to stomp their feet, repeating the
words so they can hear each beat as necessary.
Be sure to comment as they respond to the beats,
asking caregivers to oer responses as well.
After reading
If you don’t already know the names of the toddlers
in the group or have nametags, ask each caregiver
to share their names as you go around and ask
toddlers to stomp their feet or clap their hands to
the number of “beats” you hear in their names.
You can do this again by snapping ngers, clapping
hands, or blinking eyes, too.
Storytime Guides: Toddler
22
Fingerplay/Rhyme
Share with caregivers that just like in the book,
spending time with toddlers learning action words
can help them learn words through motion. One way
they are already doing this is through ngerplays or
rhymes, such as “If You’re Happy and You Know It”:
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
clap your hands. (clap clap)
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
stomp your feet. (stomp stomp)
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it,
shout “Hurray!” (hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
If you’re happy and you know it,
then your face will surely show it
If you’re happy and you know it, do all
three. (clap-clap, stomp-stomp, hoo-ray!)
Activity
Toddler parade
Have a toddler parade! After reading the book,
encourage toddlers to march in their own rhythm
parade, asking each one to take a turn deciding
what action the group will do next. Use the template
of cards to have toddlers “pull a card” to help
deciding and so everyone has a chance to have a
turn or in case children need help in remembering
ideas from the story.
Closing
Wrap up the storytime session by thanking families
and caregivers for taking time to share reading
with toddlers. Point out where the book “I Got
the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison will be
available for them to read again will be available, as
well as other books they might like to borrow from
the library to read with infants. To close the session,
sing the following being sure to acknowledge each
of the participants:
(Tune: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star)
Hands go up and hands go down.
I can turn round and round.
I can jump upon two shoes.
I can clap and so can you!
I can wave, I’ll show you how.
Storytime is done for now.
Tip for Libraries: Write or print
storytime rhymes in large font to
post for families to read along during
storytime. Be sure to point to words
as they are being said, to strengthen
print awareness for toddlers.
23
For story sessions with preschoolers, encourage
caregivers to interact with their children as much as
possible. Preschoolers may still like to sit in laps,
sit directly next to caregivers, or even roam around
a bit. Preschool (ages 3- to 5-years-old) sessions
should be short, with care to model early literacy
practices caregivers can continue at home. As you
go about the storytime, you may nd it helpful to
point out what you are doing and why it is important,
such as reminding family members that singing and
ngerplays help preschoolers to hear the sounds
in words, asking questions helps them to develop
comprehension skills and learn new vocabulary
words, and that reading together can develop a
lifelong love of books. As you read, be sure to make
eye contact with each of the children, encouraging
caregivers to do the same.
Greeting
Gather preschoolers and caregivers to the storytime
area as you sing a greeting song (it may be helpful to
announce storytime is beginning prior to starting to sing):
(Tune: If You’re Happy and You Know It)
If you’re ready for a story, take a seat
If you’re ready for a story, take a seat
Clap your hands and stomp your feet
Make your hands all nice and neat
If you’re ready for a story, take a seat
Opening
Before reading “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie
Schoeld-Morrison, share with caregivers that during
the reading of the book you’ll be focusing on the
things young children can do or experiences they
might have had, asking them to make connections
between the story and their own experiences.
Book reading
Read “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-
Morrison, taking time to point out the things the
character in the book is able to do, such as blink her
eyes, tap her toes, and shake her hips. As you read,
ask children questions to help them connect the
things happening in the book to things they might be
able to do themselves (such as shaking their hips)
or things they might have done before too (such as
visiting a park or buying ice cream at a vending cart).
Some questions you might ask include: “Tell me
about a time when you went to the park” or “Why do
you think he is standing to play his drum? What do
you think is going to happen next?”
After reading
After reading the book, have children share with
a partner (either a caregiver or another child) or
take turns as part of the whole group sharing their
favorite part of the book. For children that need help
to remember (and easier to do with smaller groups),
you might have them come up to the book and
nd the page containing their favorite part. To help
connect to their own experiences, you can also ask
them to share their favorite thing to do that was also
in the book. You might provide and example, such
as, “My favorite thing to do that was also in “I Got
the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison is dance.
I love the part when they are dancing in a group and
everyone has a chance to dance however they want.”
Storytime Guides: Preschooler
24
Fingerplay/Rhyme
Share with caregivers that just like in the book,
spending time with preschoolers learning action
words can help them learn words through motion.
One way they are already doing this is through
ngerplays or rhymes, such as “Ten Fingers”:
I have ten ngers (hold up both hands, ngers spread)
And they all belong to me, (point to self )
I can make them do things-
Would you like to see?
I can shut them up tight (make sts)
I can open them wide (open hands)
I can put them together (place palms together)
I can make them all hide (put hands behind back)
I can make them jump high (hands over head)
I can make them jump low (touch oor)
I can fold them up quietly (fold hands in lap)
And hold them just so.
Activity
Using the template (page 34), encourage
preschoolers to draw and/or write about their
favorite activity. Talk with them about what they
do best and how they do it. Some preschoolers
might want assistance to write, telling an adult the
words they want written and drawing a picture to
go along with their spoken words written for them
by an adult. Other preschoolers may decide to write
and illustrate on their own. Whatever a preschooler
chooses is ne! It is important to share with families
and caregivers that these early marks, regardless
of whether they are something adults can read,
represent text to young children and are important
pieces of writing.
Closing
Wrap up the storytime session by thanking families
and caregivers for taking time to share reading with
preschoolers. Point out where the book “I Got the
Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison will be available
for them to read again will be available, as well as
other books they might like to borrow from the library
to read with preschoolers. To close the session, sing
the following, being sure to acknowledge each of the
participants:
(Tune: Oh My Darling Clementine)
Thanks for sitting, thanks for listening,
Thanks for coming here today!
Now that storytime is over
Hope you have a lovely day!
Tip for Libraries: Pass a
tambourine around the story circle
and encourage children to tap out
the syllables of their name.
25
For story sessions with children of all ages, encourage
caregivers to hold babies in their laps and interact
with their infants as much as possible. Toddlers may
like to sit in laps or roam around, and preschoolers
may decide to do the same. Sessions with children
of multiple ages should be short to accommodate
the dierent age groups, with care to model early
literacy practices caregivers can continue at home.
As you go about the storytime, you may nd it
helpful to point out what you are doing and why it is
important, such as reminding family members that
singing and ngerplays help preschoolers to hear
the sounds in words, asking questions helps them
to develop comprehension skills and learn new
vocabulary words, and that reading together can
develop a lifelong love of books. As you read, be
sure to make eye contact with each of the children,
encouraging caregivers to do the same.
Greeting
Gather children and caregivers to the storytime area as
you sing a greeting song (it may be helpful to announce
storytime is beginning prior to starting to sing):
(Tune: If You’re Happy and You Know It)
Hi, hello and how are you
How are you
How are you
Hi, hello and how are you
How are you today?
Opening
Before reading “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie
Schoeld-Morrison, share with caregivers that during
the reading of the book you’ll be focusing on the
words that describe the actions, such as “blink” or
“stomp”. Regardless of their age, children can mimic
the motions, which will help very young children
learn the meaning of the words. Toddlers and
preschoolers who might already know the words
can engage in conversations about the words and
the corresponding pictures, making connections
to the text and their own lives as a strategy for
comprehension.
Book reading
Read “I Got the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-
Morrison, stopping to point out each of the action
words, using other words to describe them and
asking children questions to help them connect the
things in the book to things in their own lives. An
example of a question might be, “Tell me about a
time you thought about something important to you.
What were you thinking about?” As you read, pause
occasionally to focus on the action words, give
children time to act them out, ask caregivers and
children for suggestions for other words that could
describe what they are doing (or what children in
the illustrations are doing) such as “stomp”, and talk
about another time they did the same thing.
After reading
After reading the book, have children share with
a partner (either a caregiver or another child) or
take turns as part of the whole group sharing their
favorite action word from the book. For children
that need help to remember (and easier to do with
smaller groups), you might have them come up to
the book and nd the page containing their favorite
word. You can have them lead the group in carefully
acting out the word, noting the amount of space
available too.
Storytime Guides: Multiple Ages
26
Fingerplay/Rhyme
Share with caregivers that just like in the book,
spending time with children of all ages learning
action words can help them learn words through
motion. One way they are already doing this is
through ngerplays or rhymes, such as “Hands on
Shoulders” with motions accompanying the words:
Hands on shoulders,
Hands on knees.
Hands behind you,
If you please;
Touch your shoulders,
Now your nose,
Now your hair and now your toes.
Hands up high in the air,
Down at your sides, and touch your hair;
Hands up high now as before,
Now clap your hands, 1-2-3-4.
Activity
Play this variation of “Simon says” with
children of multiple ages to encourage
young children to have fun while listening
to directions. Infants can follow simple
movements with gentle support from
caregivers, while toddlers can receive
encouragement from caregivers or the
children’s librarian (note the directions might need to
be repeated). Preschoolers might also enjoy taking
turns at “being Simon” for their younger friends too.
You can use the template for follow the leader or
make up direction in the tradition of “Simon says”
as you call out directions for children to “blink their
eyes” or “stomp their feet”, interjecting when Simon
says or simply to do one activity or the other. If your
mixed age group is mostly younger children, you
might try Hap Palmer’s “Rock-n-Roll Freeze Dance”
instead. Visit http://www.happalmer.com/les/
Lyrics%20So%20Big.html#track5. You can use
this link or play your own favorite music and share
with children when the music stops, they should
“freeze” in their favorite position.
Closing
Wrap up the storytime session by thanking families
and caregivers for taking time to share reading
with their children. Point out where the book “I Got
the Rhythm” by Connie Schoeld-Morrison will be
available for them to read again will be available, as
well as other books they might like to borrow from the
library to read with children, noting the dierent books
they might choose based on the ages or interests of
their children. To close the session, sing the following
being sure to acknowledge each of the participants:
(Tune: Farmer in the Dell)
We wave goodbye like this.
We wave goodbye like this.
We clap our hands for all our friends.
We wave goodbye like this.
Tip for Libraries: Have a collection
of read-a-like books from the Ready
to Read Michigan program guide on
a table near the story time group
for families to share and check out!
27
Coloring Sheet (A) …………………………………………………………27
Coloring Sheet (B) …………………………………………………………28
Infant: “I Am Special” ……………………………………………………29
Toddler: Special Someone ………………………………………………30
Toddler: Parade Action Cards ……………………………………………31
Preschooler: “Things I Can Do” Activity Tracker ………………………32
Preschooler: My Favorite Activity …………………………………………33
Preschooler: Memory Match Game ……………………………………34
Templates and Activity Sheets
Templates and Activity Sheets
Additional activity ideas can be found at:
https://www.pinterest.com/michiganreads/
28
Coloring Sheet (A)
29
Coloring Sheet (B)
30
I am Special Because...
[PHOTO]
Infant: “I am Special”
Invite families to share a photo of their infant and write about the things their infant
can do right now that makes him or her special.
31
Toddler: Special Someone
Have toddlers draw a picture of their special somone as you talk about what makes that
person special or the things that person does with them. Write the person’s name next to
the child’s drawing and ask toddlers to sign their own names to their artwork.
Special Someone
32
Toddler: Parade Action Cards
After reading the book, encourage toddlers to march in their own rhythm parade. Print and cut out
the cards below to assist each toddler take a turn deciding what action the group will do next.
33
M O N DAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
Preschooler: “Things I Can Do” Activity Tracker
Encourage children to keep track of their various activities at home for a week.
34
Preschooler: Favorite Activity
Encourage preschoolers to draw and/or write about their favorite activity.
My Favorite Activity Is...
35
Preschooler: Memory Match Game
Print, laminate and cut out two (2) copies of the cards below. Encourage children to engage
in the sounds they remember from the book as they match pairs of the memory cards.
36
Aram, D. (2006). Early literacy interventions: The relative role of storybook reading, alphabetic activities
and their combination. Reading and Writing, 19, 489–515.
Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (2001). Text talk: Capturing the benets of read-aloud experiences
for young children. The Reading Teacher, 55, 10–20.
Beck I. & McKeown, M. (2007). Increasing young low-income children’s oral vocabulary repertoires
through rich and focused instruction. Elementary School Journal, 107, 251-271.
Bracken, S. S., & Fischel, J. E. (2008). Family reading behavior and early literacy skills in preschool
children from low-income backgrounds. Early Education and Development, 19, 45-67.
Britto, P. R., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Beyond shared book reading: Dimensions of home literacy
and low-income African American preschoolers’ skills. New Directions for Child and Adolescent
Development, 92, 73-89.
Britto, P. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Grin, T. M. (2006). Maternal reading and teaching patterns:
Associations with school readiness in low-income African American families.
Reading Research Quarterly, 41, 68-89.
Bus, A., & Van IJzendoorn, M. (1995). Mothers reading to their 3-year-olds: The role of mother-child
attachment security in becoming literacy. Reading Research Quarterly, 30, 998-1015.
Dickinson, D.W., & Smith., M.W (1994). Long-term eects of preschool teachers’ book readings on low-income
children’s vocabulary and story comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 29, 104–22.
Duke, N. K. (2000). For the rich it’s richer: Print experiences and environments oered to children in
very low-and very-high socioeconomic status rst-grade classrooms. American Educational
Research Journal, 37, 441-478.
Garton, A. F., & Pratt, C. (2009). Cultural and developmental predisposition to literacy. In D. R.
Olson & N. Torrance (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of literacy (pp. 501-517).
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lonigan, C. J., Schatschneider, C., & Westberg, L. (2008). Identication of children’s skills and abilities linked
to later outcomes in reading, writing, and spelling. In National Early Literacy Panel, Developing early
literacy: Report of the National Early Literacy Panel (pp. 55-106). Washington DC: National Institute
for Literacy. Available at https://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/NELPReport09.pdf
References
References
37
National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA). (1996).
Standards for the English language arts. Urbana, IL: Author.
Payne, A. C., Whitehurst, G., J., & Angell, A. L. (1994). The role of literacy environment in the language
development of children from low-income families. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 9, 427-440.
Senecal, M., & LaFevre, J. (2002). Parental involvement in the development of children’s reading skill:
A ve-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 73, 445-460.
Whitehurst, G., & Lonigan, C. (1998). Child development and emergent literacy. Child Development,
69, 848-872.
Zill, N., & Resnick, G. (2006). Emergent literacy of low-income children in Head Start: Relationships with
child and family characteristics, program factors, and classroom quality, In D. K. Dickinson & S. B.
Neuman (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (Vol. 2, pp. 347-371). New York: Guilford Press.
2018