Notes
Notes-3
3. Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, vol. 2 (New York: Charles
Scribner’s Sons, 1923) p. 5. The passage continues: “Nearly all battles
which are regarded as masterpieces of the military art, from which have
been derived the foundation of states and the fame of commanders, have
been battles of manoeuvre in which the enemy has found himself
defeated by some novel expedient or device, some [strange], swift,
unexpected thrust or stratagem. In many battles the losses of the victors
have been small. There is required for the composition of a great com-
mander not only massive common sense and reasoning power, not only
imagination, but also an element of legerdemain, an original and sinister
touch, which leaves the enemy puzzled as well as beaten. It is because
military leaders are credited with gifts of this order which enable them
to ensure victory and save slaughter that their profession is held in such
high honour. . .
“There are many kinds of manoeuvre in war, some only of which
take place upon the battlefield. There are manouevres far to the flank or
rear. There are manoeuvres in time, in diplomacy, in mechanics, in psy-
chology; all of which are removed from the battlefield, but react often
decisively upon it, and the object of all is to find easier ways, other than
sheer slaughter, of achieving the main purpose.”
4. Clausewitz, pp. 69 and 87. It is important to recognize that military
force does not replace the other elements of national power but supple-
ments them. Clausewitz’ most complete expression of this famous idea
is found on page 605: “We maintain. . . that war is simply a continuation
of political intercourse, with the addition of other means. We deliber-
ately use the phrase ‘with the addition of other means’ because we also
want to make it clear that war in itself does not suspend political inter-
course or change it into something entirely different.”
5.Ibid., pp. 87–88.