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Jazz in the United States
The song “Good Morning, New Orleans” by Kermit Ruffins is an example of jazz, a popular
musical genre of the United States. Jazz got its start at the beginning of the 1900s in New
Orleans, a city in the South. Other important cities in the history of jazz are Saint Louis, Kansas
City, and Chicago. According to legend, jazz traveled up the Mississippi River to these central
and northern cities.
Jazz music is important to American history because it
combines musical traditions from European immigrants
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and African slaves.
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During the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, many Europeans from Ireland, Italy, France, the
United Kingdom, and Germany immigrated to the United
States. The Atlantic slave trade brought many Africans to the
United States until slavery was abolished
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by the
Emancipation Proclamation in 1863.
Many customs and musical traditions came with European
immigrants and African slaves, and weren’t abandoned after
they settled in the United States. Rather they were passed
down through children and children’s children. Over time
musical traditions blended together into a new style of music.
This new style of music included many of the rhythms and
melodies
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common to African musical traditions. From
European traditions, the style adopted many instruments as
well as the use of harmonies.
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The result is the unique
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style of music today called jazz.
How is jazz special? When you hear a jazz song, the melody
is usually played first and then repeated several times.
Popular instruments for jazz are traditionally the saxophone,
trumpet, trombone, piano, drums, clarinet, tuba, string bass,
and banjo. Nowadays jazz musicians also use the vibraphone, cello, and guitar. What
instruments did you hear during the song?
The focus of jazz is often on how the performers improvise or make up tunes as they play with
the melody. Many styles of jazz have developed since the early twentieth century. In one style,
singers sometimes sing lyrics with no meaning. This style of jazz is called “scat” and is heard in
“Good Morning, New Orleans.” Do you remember the lyrics “ba boop beeeee biggitty”? This is
an example of scat, because these sounds have no meaning in English.
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immigrant a person who moves to a new country to live
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slave a person who is owned by another person, and who is forced to work for that person without being paid
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abolish to officially stop or end something
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melody a pleasing series of musical notes that form the main part of a song or piece of music
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harmony the combination of different musical notes played or sung at the same time to produce a pleasing sound
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unique unlike anything or anyone else; very special!